"Winter Interest"

"Winter Interest" is a term used among gardeners to describe the effort to plant trees, shrubs and perennials that will not only lend interest (i.e., bones or structure) to the late fall/winter garden, but that will also provide some nourishment and/or shelter for the wildlife.

My gardens are very young - three years old this summer -- and have far to go before they come close to the vision in my mind's eye.  By September of the second year, I realized that I had inadvertently created a garden that was a bit heavy on late summer/fall perennials.  Although I also had a fleeting flash of color in early to late spring when the tulips,daffodils, lilacs and fruit trees bloomed, June was woefully underwhelming. So last fall and winter, I began planning and ordering perennials, vines and shrubs that are in bloom by June. I was moderately successful.

Geraniums (Cranesbill), Lady's Mantle, catmint, tea roses, shasta daises and heliopsis all blooming with Japanese Willows standing sentry. By next summer, I hope to see the circle garden so densely planted that no mulch will be visible from June into the fall.

One of the shade gardens with dianthus (aka "pinks") and astilbe in bloom

But what to do for the winter months when the leaves have dropped or browned in the frost, and the garden gradually becomes blanketed by snow?  I think cold-climate gardeners fall into two camps: those that cut back all perennials before the first snow flies to eliminate some chores in the spring rush, and those that selectively prune and cut-back leaving certain perennials standing if they provide "winter interest."  I fall into the latter camp.  I don't want to look out into the winter garden and see a flat, featureless landscape.  So I leave select perennials standing, specifically those that provide seeds for birds and other wildlife.  I have selected certain crab apple varieties and planted them along the wood line because they provide fruit for the deer.  I have planted swathes of winterberry to provide berries for the birds, but also because I find the bright red berries against a sea of white snow visually stunning.  I also began to add yews and dwarf spruce to the garden last year to add a touch of green and structure, but also because I love the look of the soft mounds they create in the snow.

Coneflower seed heads will remain intact until the spring

Winterberry

Ornamental crab apple

Each year has been a learning experience, and I now try to be a bit more selective when choosing plants, shrubs and trees to add to the garden.  Every decision takes into account seasonal interest, color scheme, foliage, height, spread, and soil and light requirements.  Part of what I love about gardening is that is it never stagnant; there is no "end" or "completion" for a garden.  It is forever evolving and changing, sometimes based on the gardener's whim, but also simply as a result of nature -- trees and shrubs grow taller and spread wider than anticipated and need to be removed or relocated, borders become over-crowded by pushy and aggressively-spreading perennials, and every winter brings some losses due to cold or snow/ice damage. Gardening is an on-going dance with a mercurial partner; exhilarating, never dull, and requiring bold action for the best results.